shell學習06 shell常用命令

[kiosk@foundation60 echo]$ cat 01.sh 
#!/bin/bash
name='tom'
age=20
height=180
weight=70
echo
-n "$ is $ years old,"
# -n:表示不換行
echo
-n "$cm in height "
echo
"and $kg in weight"
echo
"thank you!"
[kiosk@foundation60 echo]$ sh 01.sh 
tom is 20 years old,180cm in height and 70kg in weight
thank you!

echo -e與特殊字串結合處理字串

echo -e 特殊字元

說明\a

發出警告聲

\b刪除前乙個字元

\c最後不加上換行符號

\f換行但游標仍舊停留在原來的位置

\n換行且游標移至行首

\r游標移至行首，但不換行

\t插入tab

\v與\f相同

\插入\字元

[kiosk@foundation60 echo]$ echo -e "hello \nworld" hello world [kiosk@foundation60 echo]$ cat 02.sh #!/bin/bash name='tom' age=20 height=180 weight=70 # echo -e結合\c 強制echo命令不換行 echo -e "$ is $ years old, \c" echo -e "$cm in height \c" echo "and $kg in weight" echo "thank you!" [kiosk@foundation60 echo]$ sh 02.sh tom is 20 years old, 180cm in height and 70kg in weight

thank you!

read的選項

用法-p

用於給出提示符

-n用於限定最多可以有多少字元可以作為有效讀入

-t用於表示等待輸入的時間，單位為秒

-s默讀（不顯示在顯示器上）

[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ cat 01.sh #!/bin/bash # read -p 顯示提示資訊 input("str:") # 注意:必須在一行內輸入所有的值不能換行 # 否則只能給第乙個變數賦值後續變數賦值都會失敗 read -p "enter some information >" name url age echo "**的名字:$name" echo "**:$url" echo "年齡:$age" **的名字:zjy

年齡:88

[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ cat 02.sh 
#!/bin/bash
# read -n num
# -n 1 表示只讀取乙個字元 
read -n 1 -p "enter a char >" char
printf "\n"
echo
$char
[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ sh 02.sh 
enter a char >y
y

-t表示計時器；-s：默讀（不顯示在顯示器上）；&&左邊的命令返回真後，&&右邊的命令才能夠被執行。

[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ cat 03.sh 
#!/bin/bash
if read -t 20 -
sp"enter password in 20 seconds(once) > " pass1 && echo
-e "\n" && 
read -t 20 -
sp"enter password in 20 seconds(again)> " pass2 && echo
-e "\n" && 
[$pass1 == $pass2
]#判斷兩次輸入的密碼是否相等
then
echo
"valid password"
else
echo
"invalid password"
fi[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ sh 03.sh 
enter password in 20 seconds(once) > 
enter password in 20 seconds(again)> 
valid password

使用alias命令自定義別名的語法格式為：alias new_name='command'

[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ alias timestap='date +%s'
[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ timestap
1580478892

[kiosk@foundation60 alias]$ cat 01.sh 
#!/bin/bash
alias timestamp='date +%s'
begin=`timestamp`
sleep 10s
finish=$(timestamp)
differince=$(
(finish -
begin))
echo
"run time: $"
[kiosk@foundation60 alias]$ sh 01.sh 
run time: 10

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