虛擬路由冗餘協議(virtual router redundancy protocol，簡稱vrrp)，是乙個ip協議族，我們知道ip協議族裡面有icmp、ospf，vrrp也是ip協議族的一員，協議號為112。在vrrp裡面，裝置有兩種角色master,backup），其中master負責跑業務流量，而backup負責備份，當master掛掉之後，backup自動搶占為master，然後所有的資料從master上走 。vrrp主要是用來做出口鏈路的冗餘備份的，可以有多個閘道器裝置加入乙個備份組，但是只能有乙個master裝置，當master裝置掛掉之後，其他的backup裝置自動搶占為master裝置，保障網路的可靠性。
要求：sw1為vlan10的主閘道器，vlan20的備份閘道器
sw2為vlan20的主閘道器，vlan10的備份閘道器
vlan10
sw1配置
inte***ce vlan10
ip address 10.10
.10.3
255.255
.255
.0 vrrp 1 ip 10.10
.10.1
vrrp 1 preempt delay minimum 5
vrrp 1 priority 120
vrrp 1 track 1 decrement 20
!sw2配置
inte***ce vlan10
ip address 10.10
.10.4
255.255
.255
.0 vrrp 1 ip 10.10
.10.1
vrrp 1 preempt delay minimum 5
vrrp 1 priority 150
!
vlan20
sw1配置
inte***ce vlan20
ip address 10.10
.20.3
255.255
.255
.0 vrrp 2 ip 10.10
.20.1
vrrp 2 preempt delay minimum 5
!sw2配置
track 2 inte***ce ethernet0/
2 line-protocol //追蹤上聯埠
inte***ce vlan20
ip address 10.10
.20.4
255.255
.255
.0 vrrp 2 ip 10.10
.20.1
vrrp 2 preempt delay minimum 5
vrrp 2 priority 120
vrrp 2 track 2 decrement 40
!
在sw1上檢視
switch#show vrrp
vlan10 - group 1
state is backup
virtual ip address is 10.10
.10.1
virtual mac address is 0000.5e00
.0101
advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
preemption enabled, delay min 5 secs
priority is 120
track object 1 state up decrement 20
master router is 10.10
.10.4
, priority is 150
master advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
master down interval is 3.531 sec (expires in 3.431 sec)
vlan20 - group 2
state is backup
virtual ip address is 10.10
.20.1
virtual mac address is 0000.5e00
.0102
advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
preemption enabled, delay min 5 secs
priority is 100
master router is 10.10
.20.4
, priority is 120
master advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
master down interval is 3.609 sec (expires in 2.994 sec)
在sw2上檢視
switch#show vrrp
vlan10 - group 1
state is master
virtual ip address is 10.10
.10.1
virtual mac address is 0000.5e00
.0101
advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
preemption enabled, delay min 5 secs
priority is 150
master router is 10.10
.10.4
(local)
, priority is 150
master advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
master down interval is 3.414 sec
vlan20 - group 2
state is master
virtual ip address is 10.10
.20.1
virtual mac address is 0000.5e00
.0102
advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
preemption enabled, delay min 5 secs
priority is 120
track object 2 state up decrement 40
master router is 10.10
.20.4
(local)
, priority is 120
master advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
master down interval is 3.531 sec
關閉sw2的上聯埠e0/2
sw1切換為vlan20的主閘道器
switch(config)
#int e 0/2
switch(config-if)
#shswitch(config-if)
#*nov 11 06:13:48.928: %track-6-state: 2 inte***ce et0/2 line-protocol up -> down
switch(config-if)
#*nov 11 06:13:50.933: %link-5-changed: inte***ce ethernet0/2, changed state to administratively down
*nov 11 06:13:51.935: %lineproto-5-updown: line protocol on inte***ce ethernet0/2, changed state to down
switch(config-if)
#*nov 11 06:13:54.461: %vrrp-6-statechange: vl20 grp 2 state master -> backup
sw2開啟上聯埠e0/2
sw2恢復為vlan20的主閘道器
switch(config-if)
#no sh
switch(config-if)
#*nov 11 06:14:05.361: %link-3-updown: inte***ce ethernet0/2, changed state to up
switch(config-if)
#*nov 11 06:14:06.699: %track-6-state: 2 inte***ce et0/2 line-protocol down -> up
switch(config-if)
#*nov 11 06:14:07.373: %lineproto-5-updown: line protocol on inte***ce ethernet0/2, changed state to up
switch(config-if)
#*nov 11 06:14:12.035: %vrrp-6-statechange: vl20 grp 2 state backup -> master
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