彩圖與灰度圖的相互轉換 rgb <-> gray：
rgb[a]->gray: y=0.212671*r + 0.715160*g + 0.072169*b
gray->rgb[a]:r=y g=y b=y a=0
rgb<=>xyz :
|x| |0.412411 0.357585 0.180454| |r|
|y| = |0.212649 0.715169 0.072182|*|g|
|z| |0.019332 0.119195 0.950390| |b|
|r| | 3.240479 -1.53715 -0.498535| |x|
|g| = |-0.969256 1.875991 0.041556|*|y|
|b| | 0.055648 -0.204043 1.057311| |z|
rgb<=>ycrcb
y=0.299*r + 0.587*g + 0.114*b
cr=(r-y)*0.713 + 128
cb=(b-y)*0.564 + 128
r=y + 1.403*(cr - 128)
g=y - 0.344*(cr - 128) - 0.714*(cb - 128)
b=y + 1.773*(cb - 128)
rgb=>hsv
v=max(r,g,b)
s=(v-min(r,g,b))*255/v if v!=0, 0 otherwise
(g - b)*60/s, if v=r
h= 180+(b - r)*60/s, if v=g
240+(r - g)*60/s, if v=b
若 h<0，則 h=h+360
使用上面從 0° 到 360° 變化的公式計算色調（ hue）值，確保它們被 2 除后能試用於8位。
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