Bash中使用MySQL匯入匯出CSV格式資料

mysql中匯出csv格式資料的sql語句樣本如下：

select * from test_info into outfile '/tmp/test.csv' fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' escaped by '"'

lines terminated by '\r\n';

mysql中匯入csv格式資料的sql語句樣本如下：

load data infile '/tmp/test.csv' into table test_info fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' escaped by '"'

lines terminated by '\r\n';

裡面最關鍵的部分就是格式引數

fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' escaped by '"'

lines terminated by '\r\n'

這個引數是根據rfc4180文件設定的，該文件全稱common format and mime type for comma-separated values (csv) files，其中詳細描述了csv格式，其要點包括：

(1)字段之間以逗號分隔，資料行之間以\r\n分隔；

(2)字串以半形雙引號包圍，字串本身的雙引號用兩個雙引號表示。

檔案：test_csv.sql

use test;
create table test_info (
id integer not null,
content varchar(64) not null,
primary key (id)
);delete from test_info;
insert into test_info values (2010, 'hello, line
suped
seped
"end'
);select * from test_info;
select * from test_info into outfile '/tmp/test.csv' fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' escaped by '"' lines terminated by '\r\n';
delete from test_info;
load data infile '/tmp/test.csv' into table test_info fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' escaped by '"' lines terminated by '\r\n';
select * from test_info;

檔案：test.csv

2010,"hello, line

suped

seped

""end"

在linux下如果經常要進行這樣的匯入匯出操作，當然最好與shell指令碼結合起來，為了避免每次都要寫格式引數，可以把這個串儲存在變數中，如下所示：(檔案mysql.sh)

#!/bin/sh

# file: mysql.sh

# description: bash中操作mysql資料庫

# license: lgpl

# author: codingstandards

# email: [email protected]

# version: 1.0

# date: 2010.02.28

# mysql中匯入匯出資料時，使用csv格式時的命令列引數

# 在匯出資料時使用：select ... from ... [where ...] into outfile '/tmp/data.csv' $mysql_csv_format;

# 在匯入資料時使用：load data infile '/tmp/data.csv' into table ... $mysql_csv_format;

# csv標準文件：rfc 4180

mysql_csv_format="fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '\"' escaped by '\"' lines terminated by '\r\n'"

使用示例如下：(檔案test_mysql_csv.sh)

#!/bin/sh

. /opt/shtools/commons/mysql.sh

# mysql_csv_format="fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '\"' escaped by '\"' lines terminated by '\r\n'"

echo "mysql_csv_format=$mysql_csv_format"

rm /tmp/test.csv

mysql -p --default-character-set=gbk -t --verbose test

create table if not exists test_info (

id integer not null,

content varchar(64) not null,

primary key (id)

);delete from test_info;

insert into test_info values (2010, 'hello, line

suped

seped

"end'

);select * from test_info;

-- select * from test_info into outfile '/tmp/test.csv' fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' escaped by '"' lines terminated by '\r\n';

select * from test_info into outfile '/tmp/test.csv' $mysql_csv_format;

delete from test_info;

-- load data infile '/tmp/test.csv' into table test_info fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' escaped by '"' lines terminated by '\r\n';

load data infile '/tmp/test.csv' into table test_info $mysql_csv_format;

select * from test_info;

eofecho "***** content in /tmp/test.csv *****"

cat /tmp/test.csv

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