遞迴呼叫的棧溢位

**如下:

#include #include int recurse(int x) 
int main(int argc, char *ar**) 
22

執行結果如下:

hxl@hxl-virtual-machine:~/桌面/task/code$ ./r 100
x = 100. a at 0x7ffcfce0afd0
x = 99. a at 0x7ffcfcdeafa0
x = 98. a at 0x7ffcfcdcaf70
x = 97. a at 0x7ffcfcdaaf40
x = 96. a at 0x7ffcfcd8af10
x = 95. a at 0x7ffcfcd6aee0
x = 94. a at 0x7ffcfcd4aeb0
x = 93. a at 0x7ffcfcd2ae80
x = 92. a at 0x7ffcfcd0ae50
x = 91. a at 0x7ffcfcceae20
x = 90. a at 0x7ffcfcccadf0
x = 89. a at 0x7ffcfccaadc0
x = 88. a at 0x7ffcfcc8ad90
x = 87. a at 0x7ffcfcc6ad60
x = 86. a at 0x7ffcfcc4ad30
x = 85. a at 0x7ffcfcc2ad00
x = 84. a at 0x7ffcfcc0acd0
x = 83. a at 0x7ffcfcbeaca0
x = 82. a at 0x7ffcfcbcac70
x = 81. a at 0x7ffcfcbaac40
x = 80. a at 0x7ffcfcb8ac10
x = 79. a at 0x7ffcfcb6abe0
x = 78. a at 0x7ffcfcb4abb0
x = 77. a at 0x7ffcfcb2ab80
x = 76. a at 0x7ffcfcb0ab50
x = 75. a at 0x7ffcfcaeab20
x = 74. a at 0x7ffcfcacaaf0
x = 73. a at 0x7ffcfcaaaac0
x = 72. a at 0x7ffcfca8aa90
x = 71. a at 0x7ffcfca6aa60
x = 70. a at 0x7ffcfca4aa30
x = 69. a at 0x7ffcfca2aa00
x = 68. a at 0x7ffcfca0a9d0
x = 67. a at 0x7ffcfc9ea9a0
x = 66. a at 0x7ffcfc9ca970
x = 65. a at 0x7ffcfc9aa940
x = 64. a at 0x7ffcfc98a910
x = 63. a at 0x7ffcfc96a8e0
x = 62. a at 0x7ffcfc94a8b0
x = 61. a at 0x7ffcfc92a880
x = 60. a at 0x7ffcfc90a850
x = 59. a at 0x7ffcfc8ea820
x = 58. a at 0x7ffcfc8ca7f0
x = 57. a at 0x7ffcfc8aa7c0
x = 56. a at 0x7ffcfc88a790
x = 55. a at 0x7ffcfc86a760
x = 54. a at 0x7ffcfc84a730
x = 53. a at 0x7ffcfc82a700
x = 52. a at 0x7ffcfc80a6d0
x = 51. a at 0x7ffcfc7ea6a0
x = 50. a at 0x7ffcfc7ca670
x = 49. a at 0x7ffcfc7aa640
x = 48. a at 0x7ffcfc78a610
x = 47. a at 0x7ffcfc76a5e0
x = 46. a at 0x7ffcfc74a5b0
x = 45. a at 0x7ffcfc72a580
x = 44. a at 0x7ffcfc70a550
x = 43. a at 0x7ffcfc6ea520
x = 42. a at 0x7ffcfc6ca4f0
x = 41. a at 0x7ffcfc6aa4c0
x = 40. a at 0x7ffcfc68a490
x = 39. a at 0x7ffcfc66a460
x = 38. a at 0x7ffcfc64a430
段錯誤 (核心已轉儲)
hxl@hxl-virtual-machine:~/桌面/task/code$ ./r 20
x = 20. a at 0x7ffe345245a0
x = 19. a at 0x7ffe34504570
x = 18. a at 0x7ffe344e4540
x = 17. a at 0x7ffe344c4510
x = 16. a at 0x7ffe344a44e0
x = 15. a at 0x7ffe344844b0
x = 14. a at 0x7ffe34464480
x = 13. a at 0x7ffe34444450
x = 12. a at 0x7ffe34424420
x = 11. a at 0x7ffe344043f0
x = 10. a at 0x7ffe343e43c0
x = 9. a at 0x7ffe343c4390
x = 8. a at 0x7ffe343a4360
x = 7. a at 0x7ffe34384330
x = 6. a at 0x7ffe34364300
x = 5. a at 0x7ffe343442d0
x = 4. a at 0x7ffe343242a0
x = 3. a at 0x7ffe34304270
x = 2. a at 0x7ffe342e4240
x = 1. a at 0x7ffe342c4210
x = 20. recurse(x) = -20

**分析`:

這段**首先定義了乙個函式,這個函式是用來實現遞迴的,函式裡定義了乙個2的15次方個元素大小的int型陣列,然後輸出陣列的位址,然後就進行遞迴呼叫,一直到x=0才結束,但是執行結果中卻出現了段錯誤 (核心已轉儲),這是為什麼呢,因為遞迴呼叫是乙個非常占用記憶體的操作,呼叫函式的過程中會將返回位址入棧,用來找到自己回去的路,而遞迴呼叫一直是呼叫進行中,一直等到遞迴結束才一層層返回,但是遺憾的是,由於遞迴函式中的定義的這個陣列太大了,要占用128kb記憶體,意味著每呼叫一次就會占用大於128kb的記憶體,一直呼叫下去,當陣列的位址破壞了返回位址時,就不能再呼叫遞迴函式了,這樣一來,程式就不能再往下進行了,就出現段錯誤 (核心已轉儲)的錯誤了,但是如果呼叫次數較少時,就可以避免這個錯誤了.

啟示:我們在寫遞迴函式時,一定要注意遞迴函式的所佔記憶體,如果所佔記憶體較大,就一定得注意遞迴呼叫的次數,控制好遞迴結束條件.

遞迴呼叫的棧溢位

遞迴和棧溢位。

棧溢位和棧記憶體溢位

棧溢位，記憶體溢位

遞迴呼叫的棧溢位

遞迴和棧溢位。

棧溢位和棧記憶體溢位

棧溢位，記憶體溢位

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