python基礎學習 迭代

2021-10-02 15:58:55 字數 2678 閱讀 3533

問題:那些物件支援遍歷?

答:可迭代的物件支援遍歷

方法:(1)next()函式

(2)全域性呼叫next()函式

(1)說明可遍歷物件(列表,元組,字典表,檔案),可迭代的物件支援遍歷。

#列表遍歷

for x in [1,2,3]:

print(x)

#元組遍歷

for y in (1,2,3):

print(y)

#字典表(只能詢問單獨的鍵或值)

info =

for key in info:

print(key)

for value in info:

print(value)

#檔案遍歷

f = open('data.txt','r',encoding = 'utf-8')

for line in f:

print(line,end = ' ')

(2)迭代協議示例next()和next()

next()的作用是呼叫一行,再呼叫一行,直到停止迭代,停止遍歷

next()定義全域性迭代函式

迭代的優勢:相當於進棧和出棧,所佔記憶體空間小

f = open('data.txt','r',encoding = 'utf-8')

f.__next__()

out[3]: 'june\n'

f.__next__()

out[4]: 'python學習\n'

f.__next__()

out[5]: 'fighting\n'

f = open('data.txt','r',encoding = 'utf-8')

next(f)

out[4]: 'june\n'

(3)判斷是否本身具備迭代功能

iter(列表) is 列表 (列表屬於可迭代物件)

i = iter(liebiao) (將本身不能生成迭代器的生成迭代器)

iter(檔案) is 檔案 (檔案屬於迭代其物件)

r = range(1,6)

iter(r) is r

out[3]: false

i = iter(r)

next(i)

out[5]: 1

next(i)

out[6]: 2

f = open('data.txt','r')

iter(f) is f

out[3]: true

(4)推導:返回乙個列表中所有元素的平方值

l = [1,2,3,4,5]

rest1 = [x for x in l]

print(rest1)

rest2 = [x+10 for x in l]

print(rest2)

rest3 = [x**2 for x in l]

print(rest3)

(5)range內建可迭代物件

result = [x**2 for x in range(1,6)]

print(result)

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

r = range(1,6)

iter(r) is r

out[5]: false

i = iter(r)

iter(i) is i

out[7]: true

stopiteration

out[8]: stopiteration

(6)zip壓縮屬於迭代器物件,將兩個或多個合成乙個

result = zip(['x','y','z'],[1,2,3])

print(result)

result.__next__()

out[4]: ('x', 1)

result.__next__()

out[5]: ('y', 2)

result.__next__()

out[6]: ('z', 3)

iter(result) is result

out[7]: true

(7)map屬於迭代器物件

是python內建的高階函式,接收乙個函式f和乙個list,並通過函式f一次作用在list的每個元素上,得到乙個新的object並返回

map(f(x),itera)

def double_number(x):

return x * 2

#map返回乙個object,因為map()轉換成迭代器來節約空間,可用list強制返回為列表

l = [1,2,3,4,5]

result = list(map(double_number,l))

print(result)

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