R語言 因子

因子是用於對資料進行分類並將其儲存為級別的資料物件。 它們可以儲存字串和整數。 它們在具有有限數量的唯一值的列中很有用。 像「男性」，「女性」和true，false等。它們在統計建模的資料分析中很有用。

使用factor()函式通過將向量作為輸入建立因子。

例

# create a vector as input.

data <- c("east","west","east","north","north","east","west","west","west","east","north")
print(data)
print(is.factor(data))
factor_data <- factor(data)
print(factor_data)
print(is.factor(factor_data))

[1] "east"

"west"
"east"
"north"
"north"
"east"
"west"
"west"
"west"
"east"
"north"
[1] false
[1] east west east north north east west west west east north
levels: east north west
[1] true

在建立具有文字資料列的任何資料框時，r語言將文字列視為分類資料並在其上建立因子。

# create the vectors for data frame.

height
<- c(132,151,162,139,166,147,122)
weight
<- c(48,49,66,53,67,52,40)
gender
<- c("male","male","female","female","male","female","male")
# create the data frame.
input_data
<- data.frame(height,weight,gender)
print(input_data)
# test if the gender column is a factor.
print(is.factor(input_data$gender))
# print the gender column so see the levels.
print(input_data$gender)

height weight gender

1 132 48 male
2 151 49 male
3 162 66 female
4 139 53 female
5 166 67 male
6 147 52 female
7 122 40 male
[1] true
[1] male male female female male female male 
levels: female male

可以通過使用新的等級次序再次應用因子函式來改變因子中的等級的順序。

data <- c("east","west","east","north","north","east","west","west","west","east","north")

# create the factors
factor_data <- factor(data)
print(factor_data)
new_order_data <- factor(factor_data,levels = c("east","west","north"))
print(new_order_data)

[1]

east
west
east
north
north
east
west
west
west
east
north
levels: east
north
west
[1]east
west
east
north
north
east
west
west
west
east
north
levels: east
west
north

我們可以使用gl()函式生成因子級別。 它需要兩個整數作為輸入，指示每個級別有多少級別和多少次。

語法

gl

(n, k, labels)

例

v <- gl(3, 4, labels = c("tampa", "seattle","boston"))

print(v)

tampa

tampa
tampa
tampa
seattle
seattle
seattle
seattle
boston
[10]
boston
boston
boston
levels: tampa
seattle
boston

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